Boşaltılmış Tüplü Güneş Enerjisi Kollektörü

HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bd3398e0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc87fee0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8ae970>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bd38aca0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bd339a00>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8a9370>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc847370>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8cfbb0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8ae370>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

• HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc878a00>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc879310>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

• HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8ae430>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc85bbe0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

• HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8a9850>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bd339310>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc87f4c0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

• HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc87fe50>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bd3390a0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8a92b0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc85be20>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.google.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /async/translate?vet=12ahUKEwjgj_PoiIKNAxUEEVkFHZnYPGYQqDh6BAgNEC4..i&ei=v00TaKC0NISi5NoPmbHzsQY&opi=89978449&sca_esv=b8ee9af777c98fc7&source=hp&yv=3&_fmt=pc&cs=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fb5bc8aed00>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -9] Address family for hostname not supported'))

• Daha düşük ısı kaybı nedeniyle soğuk iklimlerde düz levhalı kollektörlere göre üstün performans sağlar.

3. Akışkanlar Dinamiği

• Su, glikol veya hibrit solüsyonlar kullanılabilir.

• Kapalı devre konfigürasyonları donmayı önler ve dayanıklılığı artırır.

Malzemeler ve Tasarım Standartları

• Cam Tüpler:Borosilikat cam ile uyumluEN 12975 ve EN 12976standartlar.

• Seçici Kaplamalar:Genellikle alüminyum nitrür veya bakır oksitten oluşur, dayanıklılık ve termal kararlılık için tasarlanmıştır.

• Isı Boruları:Isıl iletkenliği test edilmiş bakır bazlıASTM E1225.

• Manifoldlar ve Muhafazalar:Paslanmaz çelik veya alüminyum, toplantıUL 1703 güneş güvenliğigereksinimleri.

Düzenleyici ve Güvenlik Gereksinimleri

• ISO 9806:2017– Isıl performans ve dayanıklılık testleri.

• ASHRAE 93-2010– Kollektörlerin termal test yöntemleri.

• Avrupa Güneş Enerjisi Keymark Sertifikasyonu– AB enerji direktiflerine uyumu sağlar.

• Yerel Bina Kodları– Yapısal ve güvenlik entegrasyonu.

Operasyonel Hususlar

• Kurulum Açısı:Optimum eğim, aşağıdakiler arasında değişir:20°–45°, enleme bağlı olarak.

• Bakım:Minimal, öncelikli olarak contaların, manifoldların ve antifriz sıvılarının muayenesi.

• Soğuk İklim Uygunluğu:Vakum izolasyonu sayesinde dona karşı mükemmel direnç.

• Dayanıklılık:Beklenen kullanım ömrü15–25 yılDoğru kurulumla.

Örnek Performans Verileri

Kontrollü testlerde, bir20 tüplü vakumlu kollektör sistemibir çıktı elde etti850 W/m²açık gökyüzü koşullarında, düz levha sistemlerinden daha iyi performans göstererekKış verimliliğinde %15–20.

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular (SSS)

S1: Vakumlu tüp kollektörlerini daha verimli kılan nedir?
Vakumlu izolasyonları ısı kaybını en aza indirerek soğuk veya rüzgarlı iklimlerde etkili olmalarını sağlar.

S2: Bulutlu günlerde çalışabilirler mi?
Evet. Seçici kaplamalar, dağınık güneş ışığı altında bile verimli emilim sağlar.

S3: Endüstriyel uygulamalara uygun mudur?
Evet. Bunlar yaygın olarak kullanılır.bölge ısıtma, proses ısıtma ve güneş enerjisi soğutma sistemleri.

S4: Hangi sertifikalar gereklidir?
UyumlulukISO 9806, EN 12975 ve Solar KeymarkGenellikle uluslararası projeler için gereklidir.